Ectopic pregnancy signs – a pathology of pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg attaches and develops outside the uterus. Depending on the insertion of a fertilized egg is isolated tubal, ovarian and abdominal ectopic pregnancy signs. Most often, about 98% of cases, tubal pregnancy occurs. At the same fertilized egg can attach itself to funnel ampoule, the isthmus, or (rarely) in the uterine part of uterine tube. Ovarian and abdominal pregnancies are very rare, with an ovarian pregnancy the fertilized egg is implanted in the ovary, with abdominal – on the peritoneum, omentum, intestines, liver, stomach, and spleen. By ectopic pregnancy signs are also included extremely rare pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn that arises in malformations of the uterus – bicornuate uterus with a hypoplastic closed horn.
Ectopic pregnancy signs info
The emergence of ectopic pregnancy signs is associated with the passage of a violation of a fertilized egg to female genital tracts, so that it reaches the appropriate phase of development and is attached to getting into the uterine cavity. Most often, these disorders are caused by changes in the fallopian tubes (usually inflammatory), accompanied by a violation of their motility, narrowing of the lumen, the formation of adhesions, thinning of the mucosa. Violation of the passage of the fertilized egg is also observed hypoplasia of the fallopian tubes, hormonal imbalance, prolonged lactation, as well as spasm of the muscles of the fallopian tubes caused by psychogenic trauma.
The uterus in ectopic pregnancy signs increases only up to 6-8 weeks time. Tubal pregnancy is interrupted, usually within 6-8 weeks, termination of ectopic pregnancy signs if you attach a gestational sac in the fallopian tube occurs later part – in a period of 12 weeks. In case of violation of ectopic pregnancy signs is internal or external gap plodovmestilischa. When an internal fracture, which is usually observed, with the development of fetal eggs in the vial and the funnel of the uterine tube, disrupted the integrity of the pipe facing the lumen of the capsule ovum, the ovum is peeled from the walls of the fallopian tube, while it accumulates in the lumen of liquid blood and blood clots (gematosalpinks). Then the fertilized egg is expelled into the abdominal cavity, ie, the interruption of ectopic pregnancy signs is the type of tubal abortion. At the same time gradually around the fallopian tube and into the space accumulated blood. The outer gap ectopic pregnancy signs – fallopian tube rupture – usually accompanied by significant intra-bleeding. The most massive bleeding happens at intermediate tubal pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy signs
At termination of ectopic pregnancy signs fertilized egg usually dies. However, in rare cases it is possible to attach a secondary ovum into the abdominal cavity.
Clinical manifestations of disturbed ectopic pregnancy are varied depending on the shape and duration of pregnancy, the nature of the violation (trumpet miscarriage or rupture of the fallopian tube), the magnitude of blood loss, etc. Thus, in interruption of ectopic pregnancy signs by type of tubal abortion clinical symptoms develop gradually. After 2-4 weeks, after a delay of menstruation in women appear dark bloody discharge from the vagina, aching or cramping abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the pit and shoulder area, periodically there weakness, dizziness, sometimes possible brief loss of consciousness.
At interruption of ectopic pregnancy signs by type of outdoor break plodovmestilischa after missed period of varying duration suddenly there is a strong pain in the abdomen, joined by the signs of a massive abdominal haemorrhage: pale skin, rapid pulse small, drop in blood pressure, shortness of breath. Sometimes preceded by acute phenomena aching abdominal pain and bleeding from the vagina.
Clinical manifestations of ovarian and abdominal pregnancies for a long time may have blurred character followed by a rapid transition to an extreme condition in violation of gestation. When these forms are often observed in acute massive blood loss, leading to untimely death in health care.
With the introduction of ultrasound into clinical practice and outpatient diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy signs is much easier. If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy (delay menstruation, sukrovichnye vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, irradiruyuschie in the rectum), the woman should be carried out a pregnancy test and ultrasound. The latter allows to diagnose the progression ectopic pregnancy signs, ranging from 1.5 weeks after a delay of menses. Interrupted ectopic pregnancy signs diagnosed at laparoscopy. After confirmation of the diagnosis performed surgery – removal or plastic tube pregnancy by laparoscopic means. In recent years, progressing ectopic pregnancy signs under the control of a laparoscope is introduced into the cavity of the tube cytotoxic drugs (eg methotrexate), under whose influence the fertilized egg undergoes regression. The method requires a long-term hormonal control and is carried out in specialized clinics.
If you suspect that aborted ectopic pregnancy signs midwife must immediately call a doctor or bring the patient to the hospital. Transportation is carried out on a stretcher with a slightly lowered head end in the position of women lying on their backs. At diagnosis only treatment is surgery – laparotomy with removal of the fallopian tube, which developed pregnancy – salpingectomy. If the conditions do conservative plastic surgery on the fallopian tube while maintaining its integrity and patency with microsurgical technique. Of great importance is the fight against blood loss. Every woman who has survived an ectopic pregnancy signs, should undergo a subsequent course of restorative treatment, including anti-inflammatory therapies (including physiotherapy) and protected against pregnancy by using hormonal contraceptives (unless contraindicated).
The prognosis of impaired ectopic pregnancy signs is determined by the timeliness of diagnosis. With timely surgical intervention and adequate filling of blood loss prognosis is favorable.
Prevention involves early detection and adequate treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, disorders of ovarian function.Ectopic pregnancy signs you should avoid abortion, use of effective contraception.